Communication and Navigation Systems
Expert-defined terms from the Postgraduate Certificate in Vessel Traffic Services course at UK School of Management. Free to read, free to share, paired with a globally recognised certification pathway.
Automatic Identification System (AIS) #
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a tracking system used by ve… #
AIS enhances situational awareness and collision avoidance by providing a comprehensive view of vessel movements in a specific area.
Radar #
Radar
Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range,… #
It is a vital tool for surveillance and monitoring in VTS, allowing operators to track vessel movements, identify potential threats, and provide navigational assistance in adverse weather conditions or low visibility.
VHF Radio #
VHF Radio
VHF Radio is a communication device commonly used in maritime operations… #
VHF radios operate in the very high frequency (VHF) band and are essential for maintaining contact, exchanging important information, and coordinating traffic in busy waterways.
Global Positioning System (GPS) #
Global Positioning System (GPS)
The Global Positioning System (GPS is a satellite #
based navigation system that provides accurate positioning and timing information to users worldwide. GPS receivers installed on vessels enable precise navigation, route planning, and tracking, enhancing safety and efficiency in maritime operations.
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) #
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA)
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) is a radar system that automatically… #
ARPA enhances situational awareness by displaying target tracks, speed, and course information, enabling operators to assess collision risks, monitor traffic, and make informed decisions to prevent accidents.
Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) #
Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)
The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a computer #
based navigation system that integrates electronic navigational charts (ENCs) and real-time navigation data to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date display of the vessel's position, route, and surroundings. ECDIS enhances navigation safety, route planning, and situational awareness by offering accurate and reliable information to mariners.
Automatic Weather Information System (AWIS) #
Automatic Weather Information System (AWIS)
The Automatic Weather Information System (AWIS is a weather monitoring an… #
AWIS enhances safety at sea by offering timely weather forecasts, warnings, and updates to mariners, enabling them to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions to avoid hazardous conditions.
Long #
Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT)
Long #
Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) is an international system that enables the continuous monitoring and tracking of vessels on a global scale. LRIT enhances maritime security and regulatory compliance by providing authorities with accurate vessel information, movement history, and identification data for effective monitoring, control, and enforcement purposes.
Maritime Safety Information (MSI) #
Maritime Safety Information (MSI)
Integrated Bridge Systems (IBS) #
Integrated Bridge Systems (IBS)
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) #
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)
The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is an internationa… #
GMDSS enhances emergency communication capabilities, response coordination, and situational awareness for mariners in distress or emergency situations.
Automatic Voice Communication System (AVCS) #
Automatic Voice Communication System (AVCS)
Automatic Voice Communication System (AVCS) is a voice communication syst… #
AVCS enhances communication reliability, operational efficiency, and incident investigation by providing accurate and secure voice recordings for analysis, documentation, and compliance purposes.
Short #
Range Radar (SRR)
Short #
Range Radar (SRR) is a radar system designed for close-range surveillance and collision avoidance in congested waterways, ports, and harbors. SRR enhances situational awareness by detecting nearby vessels, obstacles, and hazards in real-time, enabling operators to maneuver safely and navigate through confined spaces with precision.
Multi #
Function Display (MFD)
Multi #
Function Display (MFD) is a display unit that integrates multiple navigation, communication, and sensor data on a single screen for easy access and monitoring. MFD enhances information visualization, user interface, and system integration by providing a consolidated view of critical data to support decision-making, situational awareness, and operational efficiency.
Remote Monitoring System (RMS) #
Remote Monitoring System (RMS)
Remote Monitoring System (RMS) is a system that enables the remote monito… #
RMS enhances equipment reliability, maintenance efficiency, and troubleshooting capabilities by providing real-time monitoring, alerts, and data analysis for proactive maintenance and performance optimization.
Man Overboard (MOB) Alert System #
Man Overboard (MOB) Alert System
Man Overboard (MOB) Alert System is a safety system that automatically de… #
MOB Alert System enhances crew safety, emergency response, and search and rescue operations by triggering alarms, pinpointing the MOB location, and initiating rescue procedures to minimize response time and increase chances of survival.
Collision Avoidance System (CAS) #
Collision Avoidance System (CAS)
Collision Avoidance System (CAS) is a system that uses radar, AIS, GPS, a… #
CAS enhances safety at sea by providing early warnings, collision risk assessments, and maneuvering recommendations to bridge personnel, enabling them to take evasive actions and avoid accidents in high-traffic areas or adverse conditions.
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) #
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)
The Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) is a distress aler… #
EPIRB enhances emergency response, distress alerting, and search and rescue operations by pinpointing the distress location, initiating rescue coordination, and facilitating timely assistance to vessels in distress situations.
Route Planning System (RPS) #
Route Planning System (RPS)
Dynamic Positioning System (DPS) #
Dynamic Positioning System (DPS)
Dynamic Positioning System (DPS) is an advanced vessel control system tha… #
DPS enhances vessel stability, maneuverability, and station-keeping capabilities in dynamic environments such as offshore operations, drilling rigs, and subsea construction, enabling precise positioning and control without anchoring.
Offshore Communication System (OCS) #
Offshore Communication System (OCS)
Offshore Communication System (OCS is a communication network that provid… #
OCS enhances operational efficiency, crew welfare, and emergency response by enabling seamless communication, collaboration, and information exchange between offshore facilities, support vessels, and onshore support centers.
Port Communication System (PCS) #
Port Communication System (PCS)
Port Communication System (PCS) is a communication network that facilitat… #
PCS enhances port efficiency, safety, and security by providing real-time communication, coordination, and information sharing to support vessel traffic management, cargo handling, and emergency response in ports and harbors.
Shore #
Based Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
Shore #
Based Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) are maritime traffic management systems operated from shore-based stations to monitor, control, and regulate vessel movements in a specific area. VTS enhances navigational safety, traffic efficiency, and environmental protection by providing vessel traffic information, navigation assistance, and emergency response coordination to ensure safe and sustainable maritime operations.
Automatic Identification System (AIS) #
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a tracking system used in the maritime… #
AIS transponders on ships broadcast data such as vessel position, speed, course, and other relevant details to nearby vessels and VTS centers. This information helps in collision avoidance and enhances overall maritime safety.
Radar #
Radar
Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle,… #
In the context of VTS, radar plays a critical role in monitoring vessel movements, detecting potential hazards, and providing real-time information to operators. Radar data, combined with other sensor inputs, forms the basis for decision-making in traffic management.
VHF Radio #
VHF Radio
Very High Frequency (VHF) radio is a communication system widely used in maritim… #
VTS centers rely on VHF radio to establish direct contact with vessels, provide navigational assistance, issue instructions, and disseminate safety information. VHF radio channels are allocated for specific purposes, such as bridge-to-bridge communication and distress calling.
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) #
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)
The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is an internationally man… #
GMDSS integrates various communication technologies, including satellite communication, digital selective calling (DSC), and emergency position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs), to ensure reliable and efficient communication in distress situations.
Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) #
Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) #
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA)
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) is a radar #
based navigation system that automatically tracks and predicts the movements of vessels in proximity. ARPA displays target data, such as range, bearing, and speed, and calculates collision risk based on the vessels' trajectories. VTS operators utilize ARPA to monitor vessel traffic, identify potential conflicts, and take preemptive actions to avoid collisions.
Long #
Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT)
Long #
Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) is a global monitoring system that enables the identification and tracking of vessels over long distances. LRIT requires vessels to periodically transmit their identity and position information to designated LRIT data centers for regulatory compliance and security purposes. VTS centers can access LRIT data to monitor vessel movements and enhance maritime domain awareness.
Integrated Bridge System (IBS) #
Integrated Bridge System (IBS)
Bridge #
to-Bridge Communication
Bridge #
to-Bridge Communication refers to direct communication between the navigational bridges of two vessels for the purpose of exchanging navigational information, coordinating maneuvers, and ensuring safe passage. VTS centers may monitor bridge-to-bridge communication to assess vessel intentions, resolve conflicts, and provide guidance to vessels navigating in close proximity. Effective bridge-to-bridge communication is essential for preventing collisions and maintaining a clear understanding of each vessel's intentions.
Radio Telex (RT) #
Radio Telex (RT)
Radio Telex (RT) is a communication method that combines radio transmission with… #
RT allows for the exchange of text messages, weather reports, navigational warnings, and other critical information in a standardized format. VTS centers may use RT to communicate with vessels operating within their jurisdiction, transmit safety messages, and relay operational instructions.
Man Overboard (MOB) System #
Man Overboard (MOB) System
Man Overboard (MOB) System is a safety device designed to detect and alert crew… #
MOB systems utilize sensors, alarms, and automatic identification technologies to trigger immediate response actions and facilitate rapid rescue operations. VTS operators may coordinate with search and rescue assets based on MOB alerts received from vessels to ensure timely assistance in emergency situations.
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) #
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) are shore #
based services that provide active monitoring, navigational assistance, and traffic management for vessels operating in congested or high-risk maritime areas. VTS centers utilize communication and navigation systems to track vessel movements, enforce regulations, prevent collisions, and respond to emergencies. VTS plays a critical role in enhancing maritime safety, improving operational efficiency, and reducing the risk of navigational incidents.
Port Operations Communication System (POCS) #
Port Operations Communication System (POCS)
Port Operations Communication System (POCS) is a communication network that faci… #
POCS integrates voice communication, data transmission, and video surveillance to coordinate vessel movements, cargo handling, and security measures within the port environment. VTS centers may interface with POCS to coordinate vessel traffic and optimize port logistics.
Short #
Range Aid to Navigation (SRAN)
Short #
Range Aid to Navigation (SRAN) includes visual and electronic navigation aids deployed in coastal waters, harbors, and other confined waterways to assist mariners in safe navigation. SRAN devices such as buoys, beacons, lights, and sound signals provide essential reference points, mark hazards, and indicate navigational routes for vessels. VTS operators rely on SRAN to enhance situational awareness, guide vessel movements, and ensure compliance with navigation regulations.
Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) #
Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI)
Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) is a unique nine #
digit identification number assigned to vessels equipped with VHF radios, AIS transponders, and other communication devices. MMSI enables the automatic exchange of vessel information, distress alerts, and safety messages within the maritime communication network. VTS centers use MMSI to identify vessels, monitor their movements, and communicate with them during routine operations or emergency situations.
Collision Regulations (COLREGs) #
Collision Regulations (COLREGs)
Collision Regulations (COLREGs) are international rules established by the Inter… #
COLREGs define the rights and responsibilities of vessels, specify navigation lights, sound signals, and give-way rules to avoid collisions. VTS operators enforce COLREGs by monitoring vessel compliance, providing traffic separation advice, and taking corrective actions to prevent navigational incidents in congested waters.
Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) #
Search and Rescue Transponder (SART)
Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) is an emergency beacon used by vessels and… #
SART devices emit radar-reflective signals that enable rescuers to locate and home in on the distressed vessel's position. VTS centers may receive SART alerts from vessels in distress, coordinate rescue efforts with maritime authorities, and provide assistance to vessels in need of immediate support.
Automatic Identification System Base Station (AIS #
B)
Automatic Identification System Base Station (AIS #
B) is a ground-based station that receives AIS data from vessels in the vicinity and relays this information to other vessels and shore facilities. AIS-B enhances the coverage area of AIS transponders, improves data exchange reliability, and supports vessel tracking in areas with limited satellite coverage. VTS centers may deploy AIS-B stations to supplement AIS coverage, enhance situational awareness, and monitor vessel traffic beyond standard AIS ranges.
Ship Reporting System (SRS) #
Ship Reporting System (SRS)
Ship Reporting System (SRS) is a structured reporting mechanism that requires ve… #
SRS helps in monitoring vessel movements, identifying potential risks, and coordinating traffic flow in busy shipping lanes. VTS operators may use SRS data to assess vessel compliance, track voyage progress, and manage maritime traffic efficiently within their jurisdiction.
Coastal Surveillance System (CSS) #
Coastal Surveillance System (CSS)
Coastal Surveillance System (CSS) is a comprehensive monitoring network that int… #
CSS provides real-time situational awareness, threat detection, and security surveillance to safeguard coastal borders, prevent illegal activities, and respond to maritime incidents. VTS centers may collaborate with CSS operators to enhance maritime domain awareness and ensure effective communication during emergency situations.
Vessel Traffic Management Information System (VTMIS) #
Vessel Traffic Management Information System (VTMIS)
Vessel Traffic Management Information System (VTMIS) is an integrated software p… #
VTMIS combines communication, navigation, and surveillance technologies to monitor vessel movements, generate traffic reports, and optimize traffic flow in congested waterways. VTS operators rely on VTMIS to enhance situational awareness, coordinate vessel movements, and ensure safe navigation within their operational area.
Weather Routing Advisory Service (WRAS) #
Weather Routing Advisory Service (WRAS)
Weather Routing Advisory Service (WRAS) is a specialized service that provides v… #
WRAS helps vessels minimize fuel consumption, reduce transit times, and enhance crew safety by providing timely weather updates and route optimization strategies. VTS centers may collaborate with WRAS providers to assist vessels in avoiding weather-related hazards and ensuring smooth navigation during challenging conditions.
AIS (Automatic Identification System) #
AIS (Automatic Identification System)
AIS is a communication technology used in the maritime industry to track and ide… #
It transmits vessel information such as position, course, speed, and other relevant data to other vessels and shore-based stations. AIS helps improve situational awareness and collision avoidance at sea.
Bridge #
to-Bridge Communication
Bridge #
to-Bridge Communication refers to direct communication between the bridges of two vessels to exchange navigational information and intentions. This type of communication is critical for safe passage in congested waterways and helps prevent collisions by ensuring clear understanding between vessels.
Channel Management #
Channel Management
Channel Management involves the coordination and allocation of communication cha… #
Efficient channel management ensures that vessels can communicate effectively with VTS operators and other vessels without interference or congestion.
Maritime Communication #
Maritime Communication
Maritime Communication encompasses all forms of communication used in the mariti… #
Effective maritime communication is essential for safe navigation, emergency response, and operational efficiency in VTS operations.
Radar Systems #
Radar Systems
Radio Communication #
Radio Communication
Radio Communication is a vital means of communication in the maritime industry,… #
VHF (Very High Frequency) radio is commonly used for ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication due to its reliable coverage and clear audio quality.
Route Planning #
Route Planning
Route Planning involves the process of determining the most efficient and safe r… #
Factors such as weather conditions, traffic density, and navigational hazards are considered in route planning to ensure the safety and timely arrival of vessels.
SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) #
SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)
SART is a distress alerting device used by vessels in emergency situations to as… #
When activated, a SART transmits a series of radar pulses that can be detected by nearby vessels and search aircraft, helping to locate the distressed vessel quickly.
VHF Radio #
VHF Radio
VHF Radio stands for Very High Frequency Radio and is a common communication sys… #
VHF radios have a line-of-sight range and are regulated by international conventions to ensure clear and efficient communication between vessels.